Australia
bullroarer
Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Worldwide a flat, elongated piece of wood or bone attached to a cord that produces a low, whirring sound when swung, typically used in ritual, ceremonial communication, and signaling contexts.
carillon
Belgium, Netherlands, France, Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada a massive keyboard instrument housed in a church tower or belfry, with at least 23 bronze bells that are fixed in place, with internal clappers connected to a wooden keyboard (baton console) by a system of wires and levers, used to play intricate melodies, complex harmonies, and public outdoor concerts.
crystal singing bowls
United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Australia, Japan modern friction-based percussion instruments made from high-purity quartz silica that produce powerful, sustained harmonic tones when struck or rubbed with a mallet, used in sound healing, meditation, and New Age ambient music.
didgeridoo
Australia a long wooden wind instrument traditionally played by Aboriginal people that requires the use of circular breathing to produce a continuous, deep drone, used in ceremonial dance accompaniment, meditation, and contemporary world fusion music, storytelling, ritual music, contemporary world and ambient music.
hawaiian steel guitar
Hawaii, United States, Japan, Australia a type of guitar played with a metal slide and on the lap or on a horizontal stand, used in traditional Hawaiian island melodies, country-western, and blues music.
morris bells
United Kingdom, Australia, Canada small, tuned metal bells attached to leather pads or garters that are worn around a dancer’s shins, used to accentuates footwork in traditional seasonal folk dancing.
stylophone
United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Japan, Australia a miniature analog synthesizer that uses a battery-powered stylus to complete a circuit by touching a metal keyboard to sound specific pitches, used in novelty popular music, pop, and electronic music.
tenor horn
United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Canada a medium-sized brass instrument, with a conical bore and a forward-facing bell, used in British-style brass bands and wind ensembles.
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
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Beduk
Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Cocos (Keeling) Islands a large, double-headed barrel drum made from a large hollowed jackfruit or teak tree trunk and water buffalo hide, suspended in a wooden frame and struck with a padded mallet, used in Islamic call to prayer, Javanese Gamelan Ageng, Dondang Sayang & Folk Music, and Ceremonial Signaling .
Rebana
Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Cocos (Keeling) Islands a single-headed frame drum with a wooden body and a goatskin head, widely recognized as the most important percussion instrument in the Islamic musical traditions of Southeast Asia, used in devotional music like Hadroh, Samman, and Sholawat, also used in wedding processions, and dikir barat (competitive choral form)
Cook Islands
fa'atete
French Polynesia/Tahiti, Cook Islands a single-headed drum made from a hollowed wooden shell covered with a tight membrane, used in traditional Ori Tahiti dance.
pahu
Hawaii, Cook Islands, Samoa, French Polynesia/ Tahiti a tall, cylindrical drum carved from a single log and covered with a shark or cowhide head, used to signal sacred rituals, accompany hula performances, and in communal chants.
pate
Cook Islands, Samoa, Tahiti, Niue a slit drum carved from a hollowed wooden log, used in dance performances, uura (traditional drumming ensembles), and long-distance communication.
East Timor (Timor-Leste)
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Babadok
East Timor (Timor-Leste), Indonesia a single-headed, goblet-shaped used in Tebedai dance, rital and social gatherings. Traditionally played by women.
Lakadou
East Timor, Timor-Leste a tube zither made from bamboo with several "strings" carved directly from the bamboo's outer bark and elevated by small wooden bridges, used in traditional dances and folk songs.
Fiji
lali
Fiji,Tonga, Samoa a traditional wooden slit drum carved from a single log, used for community communication, ceremonial music, communal dances, and traditional storytelling performances.
French Polynesia/ Tahiti
conch shell trumpet
Hawaii, Samoa, Japan, India, Mexico, French Polynesia/ Tahiti, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna a natural aerophone fashioned from a large marine snail's shell that produces a powerful, resonant drone when the player's lips vibrate against a hole in the apex, used in religious rituals, maritime signaling, and ceremonial fanfares.
fa'atete
French Polynesia/Tahiti, Cook Islands a single-headed drum made from a hollowed wooden shell covered with a tight membrane, used in traditional Ori Tahiti dance.
ipu
Hawaii, French Polynesia/ Tahiti a percussion instrument made from a large dried gourd that is played by striking with the hand or against a padded mat, used in traditional chants and hula dancing.
pahu
Hawaii, Cook Islands, Samoa, French Polynesia/ Tahiti a tall, cylindrical drum carved from a single log and covered with a shark or cowhide head, used to signal sacred rituals, accompany hula performances, and in communal chants.
to'ere
French Polynesia/ Tahiti a log drum made from a single piece of dense hardwood with a narrow lengthwise slit, used to accompany Tahitian dancers.
Guam
Belembaotuyan
Guam, Northern Mariana Islands a long, single-stringed musical bow with a gourd resonator that the player presses against their abdomen to create a "belly echo" and vibrato while striking the string with a stick, used to accompany traditional social gatherings and cultural celebrations.
conch shell trumpet
Hawaii, Samoa, Japan, India, Mexico, French Polynesia/ Tahiti, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna a natural aerophone fashioned from a large marine snail's shell that produces a powerful, resonant drone when the player's lips vibrate against a hole in the apex, used in religious rituals, maritime signaling, and ceremonial fanfares.
Hawaii
conch shell trumpet
Hawaii, Samoa, Japan, India, Mexico, French Polynesia/ Tahiti, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna a natural aerophone fashioned from a large marine snail's shell that produces a powerful, resonant drone when the player's lips vibrate against a hole in the apex, used in religious rituals, maritime signaling, and ceremonial fanfares.
hawaiian steel guitar
Hawaii, United States, Japan, Australia a type of guitar played with a metal slide and on the lap or on a horizontal stand, used in traditional Hawaiian island melodies, country-western, and blues music.
ipu
Hawaii, French Polynesia/ Tahiti a percussion instrument made from a large dried gourd that is played by striking with the hand or against a padded mat, used in traditional chants and hula dancing.
ohe hano ihu
Hawaii a transverse flute made from a single section of bamboo with two or three finger holes, used for personal expression, secret communication between lovers, and hula accompaniment.
pahu
Hawaii, Cook Islands, Samoa, French Polynesia/ Tahiti a tall, cylindrical drum carved from a single log and covered with a shark or cowhide head, used to signal sacred rituals, accompany hula performances, and in communal chants.
pū‘ili
Hawaii a percussion instrument made from a length of split bamboo, used in storytelling, hula, and traditional dance movements.
Ūkēkē
Hawaii a small string instrument played by holding the wooden bow in the mouth (using the mouth cavity as a resonator) and plucking the one to three strings with a reed or piece of straw, used to accompany chanting and vocalized poetry.
ukulele
Hawaii a small, four-stringed plucked lute, strung with nylon or gut strings, used in Hawaiian music, folk songs, and pop music.
ʻulīʻulī
Hawaii a rattle made from a dried gourd or la'amia fruit filled with seeds or small pebbles, attached to a handle topped with a circular cloth disk fringed with colorful feathers, used in hula dances and traditional Hawaiian chanting.
xaphoon
Hawaii a single-reed woodwind instrument made of bamboo with a tenor saxophone mouthpiece, used in folk music, jazz, and portable practice.
Kiribati
conch shell trumpet
Hawaii, Samoa, Japan, India, Mexico, French Polynesia/ Tahiti, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna a natural aerophone fashioned from a large marine snail's shell that produces a powerful, resonant drone when the player's lips vibrate against a hole in the apex, used in religious rituals, maritime signaling, and ceremonial fanfares.
Marshall Islands
conch shell trumpet
Hawaii, Samoa, Japan, India, Mexico, French Polynesia/ Tahiti, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna a natural aerophone fashioned from a large marine snail's shell that produces a powerful, resonant drone when the player's lips vibrate against a hole in the apex, used in religious rituals, maritime signaling, and ceremonial fanfares.
Nauru
conch shell trumpet
Hawaii, Samoa, Japan, India, Mexico, French Polynesia/ Tahiti, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna a natural aerophone fashioned from a large marine snail's shell that produces a powerful, resonant drone when the player's lips vibrate against a hole in the apex, used in religious rituals, maritime signaling, and ceremonial fanfares.
New Caledonia
Kanak flute
New Caledonia a long, curved transverse flute made from a slender hollow branch or reed, used in intimate storytelling, personal meditation, and the preservation of ancestral clan histories.
conch shell trumpet
Hawaii, Samoa, Japan, India, Mexico, French Polynesia/ Tahiti, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna a natural aerophone fashioned from a large marine snail's shell that produces a powerful, resonant drone when the player's lips vibrate against a hole in the apex, used in religious rituals, maritime signaling, and ceremonial fanfares.
New Zealand
bullroarer
Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Worldwide a flat, elongated piece of wood or bone attached to a cord that produces a low, whirring sound when swung, typically used in ritual, ceremonial communication, and signaling contexts.
koauau
New Zealand (Māori) a small, open-ended end-blown flute made of wood or bone that produces microtonal sound, used in personal meditation, courting, and to "voice" traditional poems or laments.
kōauau ponga ihu
New Zealand (Māori) a small, gourd-based nose flute with several finger holes, used for personal entertainment, courting, traditional storytelling, associated with the breath of life (te hanu) and was historically used to soothe infants or in rituals for the sick.
nguru
New Zealand (Māori) a small, curved nose flute made from stone, wood, or a whale’s tooth, said to evoke the voice of Hineraukatauri, the goddess of flute music, used during tangihanga (funerals), healing rituals, courtship, and to soothe infants
pūtōrino
New Zealand (Māori) a Māori wooden bugle-flute, shaped like a case moth's cocoon and representing the goddess Hineraukatauri, known for its dual "male" (trumpet) and "female" (flute) voices produced by playing it as either an end-blown or side-blown instrument, used for signaling, storytelling, and sacred ceremonies.
Niue
conch shell trumpet
Hawaii, Samoa, Japan, India, Mexico, French Polynesia/ Tahiti, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna a natural aerophone fashioned from a large marine snail's shell that produces a powerful, resonant drone when the player's lips vibrate against a hole in the apex, used in religious rituals, maritime signaling, and ceremonial fanfares.
pate
Cook Islands, Samoa, Tahiti, Nuie a slit drum carved from a hollowed wooden log, used in dance performances, uura (traditional drumming ensembles), and long-distance communication.
Northern Mariana Islands
Belembaotuyan
Guam, Northern Mariana Islands a long, single-stringed musical bow with a gourd resonator that the player presses against their abdomen to create a "belly echo" and vibrato while striking the string with a stick, used to accompany traditional social gatherings and cultural celebrations.
Palau
conch shell trumpet
Hawaii, Samoa, Japan, India, Mexico, French Polynesia/ Tahiti, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna a natural aerophone fashioned from a large marine snail's shell that produces a powerful, resonant drone when the player's lips vibrate against a hole in the apex, used in religious rituals, maritime signaling, and ceremonial fanfares.
Papua New Guinea
bullroarer
Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Worldwide a flat, elongated piece of wood or bone attached to a cord that produces a low, whirring sound when swung, typically used in ritual, ceremonial communication, and signaling contexts.
garamut
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu a large slit drum carved from a hollowed-out log, used for signaling village announcements, accompanying ritual dances, and traditional ceremonies.
kundu
Papua New Guinea, West Papua (Indonesia), Solomon Islands an hourglass-shaped drum with a single lizard-skin head and a handle carved into its side, the most iconic musical instrument of Papua New Guinea, used in the Sing-Sing (large cultural gatherings where hundreds of performers drum and dance in unison to tell ancestral stories).
susap
Papua New Guinea a type of jaw harp made of bamboo, used in courtship rituals and traditional folk music.
Samoa
conch shell trumpet
Hawaii, Samoa, Japan, India, Mexico, French Polynesia/ Tahiti, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna a natural aerophone fashioned from a large marine snail's shell that produces a powerful, resonant drone when the player's lips vibrate against a hole in the apex, used in religious rituals, maritime signaling, and ceremonial fanfares.
lali
Fiji,Tonga, Samoa a traditional wooden slit drum carved from a single log, used for community communication, ceremonial music, communal dances, and traditional storytelling performances.
pahu
Hawaii, Cook Islands, Samoa, French Polynesia/ Tahiti a tall, cylindrical drum carved from a single log and covered with a shark or cowhide head, used to signal sacred rituals, accompany hula performances, and in communal chants.
pate
Cook Islands, Samoa, Tahiti, Nuie a slit drum carved from a hollowed wooden log, used in dance performances, uura (traditional drumming ensembles), and long-distance communication.
Solomon Islands
garamut
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu a large slit drum carved from a hollowed-out log, used for signaling village announcements, accompanying ritual dances, and traditional ceremonies.
kundu
Papua New Guinea, West Papua (Indonesia), Solomon Islands an hourglass-shaped drum with a single lizard-skin head and a handle carved into its side, the most iconic musical instrument of Papua New Guinea, used in the Sing-Sing (large cultural gatherings where hundreds of performers drum and dance in unison to tell ancestral stories).
Tokelau
conch shell trumpet
Hawaii, Samoa, Japan, India, Mexico, French Polynesia/ Tahiti, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna a natural aerophone fashioned from a large marine snail's shell that produces a powerful, resonant drone when the player's lips vibrate against a hole in the apex, used in religious rituals, maritime signaling, and ceremonial fanfares.
lali
Fiji,Tonga, Samoa a traditional wooden slit drum carved from a single log, used for community communication, ceremonial music, communal dances, and traditional storytelling performances.
Tonga
fangufangu
Tonga a bamboo nose flute, historically used to gently wake royalty (such as the King of Tonga) or accompany intimate moments of reflection.
lali
Fiji,Tonga, Samoa a traditional wooden slit drum carved from a single log, used for community communication, ceremonial music, communal dances, and traditional storytelling performances.
Tuvalu
conch shell trumpet
Hawaii, Samoa, Japan, India, Mexico, French Polynesia/ Tahiti, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna a natural aerophone fashioned from a large marine snail's shell that produces a powerful, resonant drone when the player's lips vibrate against a hole in the apex, used in religious rituals, maritime signaling, and ceremonial fanfares.
lali
Fiji,Tonga, Samoa a traditional wooden slit drum carved from a single log, used for community communication, ceremonial music, communal dances, and traditional storytelling performances.
Vanuatu
garamut
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu a large slit drum carved from a hollowed-out log, used for signaling village announcements, accompanying ritual dances, and traditional ceremonies.
Wallis and Futuna
conch shell trumpet
Hawaii, Samoa, Japan, India, Mexico, French Polynesia/ Tahiti, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna a natural aerophone fashioned from a large marine snail's shell that produces a powerful, resonant drone when the player's lips vibrate against a hole in the apex, used in religious rituals, maritime signaling, and ceremonial fanfares.
lali
Fiji,Tonga, Samoa a traditional wooden slit drum carved from a single log, used for community communication, ceremonial music, communal dances, and traditional storytelling performances.